This seems like a good place to ask:
Once upon a time, I had a FASA sourcebook on the Klingons. There were rules in there for determining honor. There was a table, IIRC, and an example that showed how the First Officer of a large ship could actually lose honor by getting a promotion to Captain of a smaller ship (or rather, how an angry Captain could harm his honor by promoting him:)).
I'd really like to see those rules again, if anyone who has them is interested in sharing.