Riker's attitude towards Jellico should have had his hide ridden out on monorail so fas tit would have broken the sound barrier. Disagreement or not, you don't speak that way to superiors in the Service.
Anyway, I've often found TNG's treatment of Starfleet to be highly insulting to my intelligence. 80 years or not, the Admiralty would not become complete morons in that short a span of time, as you'd have a lot of longer live races (Vulcan, Edoan, etc.) in the upper command ranks who'd remember the bad old days when Klingons were THE enemy, The Romulans and Kzinti were wolves at the border, and piracy was common.
Part of the problem is that The Original Series was partly written by people who'd actually served in the various branchs of the Armed Forces and had some idea of why thing worked the way they did in a Naval setting, whereas from TNG, few if any writers on the show had any service background, thus having little clue how to write such a setting other than in Hollywood characature.
To reconcile this issue, I came up with two factions within the Admiralty that often fight tooth and nail over Starfleet policy, and various forms of influence over policy can be seen through Starfleet history.
Career Military Officers: This bunch tend to follow the Articles of Federation regarding Starfleet policy to the letter and spirit in which Starfleet's purpose was originally founded: that of a Defensive military organization charged with Defense of the Federation, interplanetary piracy interdiction, Peacekeeping duties, and exploration. Something like a Later-Day U.S. Navy/Coast Guard.
Career Explorers: Following a much looser interpretation of the Articles, This faction sees Starfleet as an scientific explorer organization primarily, and defensive organization a distant second, if at all.
Suffice it to say, the Explorer has been loosing ground an influence in Starfleet since Wolf 359 and all the way through to the end of the Dominion War.
Which makes them more than a bit vindictive.
A brave little theory, and actually quite coherent for a system of five or seven dimensions -- if only we lived in one.
Academician Prokhor Zakharov, "Now We Are Alone"