22nd-century Aliens
Besides the obvious - Vulcans, Andorians, Tellarites, Klingons and Romulans - we've seen that a number of canon races were around in the 22nd century, well before the founding of the United Federation of Planets.
Among these races are the Denobulans, perhaps the one we encountered more frequently than any other. What do we know about them?
Well, they are native to the Denobula Triaxa star system. They made first contact with an alien race - the B'saari - sometime during Earth's 17th century. They fought a series of wars with a race called the Antarans. They clearly have been actively exploring the galaxy for centuries, though certainly not as long as the Vulcans.
We know a little bit about Denobulan physiology, including their tightly-packed facial muscles, extremely long tongues, facial ridges, and gnarly toenails. We know that they likely live longer than humans (as Phlox says he's practiced medicine for over 40 years, though he still appears fairly young). We know that they have a sleep cycle that entails them entering hibernation for extended periods on occasion. We've seen that they are exceptional climbers, and we also have learned that female Denobulans emit pheromones to let the males know that they are romantically interested as well as during mating season. Finally, we know that Denobulan physiology makes them somewhat more resistant to assimilation by Borg nanoprobes than other races (though not impervious).
Regarding their social institutions, we know that the Denobulans are polygamists, each adult having multiple husbands or wives. We know that sexual relations are less complicated among Denobulans, as they frequently have liaisons with new people as well as old acquaintances without the baggage humans typically attach to such situations. They don't normally speak during meals. They are extremely epicurean, delighting in sensual experiences, including sexual relations, eating and drinking, and other similar activities.
So, the Denobulans are a warp-capable species that encountered at least a couple of species before making contact with the Vulcans. They have clearly been explorers for some time, as they send researchers to different star systems for scientific and sociological study. They participate in the Interspecies Medical Exchange, as evidenced by Phlox's presence on the NX-01 Enterprise.
Denobulans are very friendly and social, mingling with other humanoid species with ease. They enjoy the company of other Denobulans, but they also take great pleasure in socializing with other races. Though Phlox did not engage in sexual intercourse with humans while aboard Enterprise (to the best of our knowledge), it seems that other Denobulans have been sexually active with humans.
Though never explicitly stated, it seems likely that Denobula Triaxa is governed by a planetwide democratic or republican system. Given the polygamous nature of their interpersonal relationships, it seems probable that this system would extend in some aspect to their political system. As we've also seen Denobulans fairly far a-field from their homeworld, we can also assume that they have established colonies in other star systems.
They have their own starships, and they travel the galaxy with the goal of expanding their knowledge of science and of the universe. They most certainly have scientific exchanges with the Vulcans, likely having various representatives living on Vulcan. Since it seems that the Denobulans are more interactive with other cultures than the Vulcans, their experiences would likely prove excellent trading material, as would their research in areas typically skipped by Vulcan explorers.
While these bits and pieces help us understand the Denobulans, they do not provide the clearest picture possible. In order to fill in the gaps, I'll be writing a history for the Denobulans and posting it shortly.
mactavish out.
Our country's past progress has been the result, not of the mass mind applying average intelligence to the problems of the day, but of the brilliance and dedication of wise individuals who applied their wisdom to advance the freedom and the material well-being of all of our people.
-Conscience of a Conservative, Barry Goldwater