OK, so we have clearly establish on-screen that the UFP does not tolerate Genetic Modification, stemming from the 20th century events surrounding Khan and the 22nd century work of Dr Noonian Soong, and that as a result any such augmented personnel are barred from service in Starfleet or Medicine, without special dispensation. (Although clearly Section 31 does not seem to mind).
We are clearly advised on screen that such augmentation is illegal, and performed on independant planets (whether they be colonial or another species). We are also advised that the procedure is risky that not all people who are augmented can go on to lead normal lives, and that a significant percentage develop 'traits' that border on dangerous psychosis.
However all such augmentation seems to apply to humans alone. Does this mean the UFP is holding a double standard of law to humanity? We see this in the independant human genome colony, happily functioning outside the borders of the UFP (Although arguably this is not genetic augmentation, its genetic management), but we see it more clearly in the Angosian Super Soldiers. Where Genetic Modification is used to create stronger, better soldiers.
At the end of Voyager we saw that 2 former Borg Drones were well integrated into Starfleet operations. Seven of Nine was a senior member of the crew, although still technically idependant, but Iched (one of the Borg kids) is clearly shown passing his Academy entrance exam with a view to serving in Starfleet, not to mention Picard as a third former drone in Starfleet... I believe there is an arguement that these former drones may also apply as 'Augments', and surely this would mean that the Bias against Genetic augments should still apply. But clearly they do not.
Now I can see why the Angosian soldiers are barred what with their uncontrolled bloodlust, but what is the general concensus here, is this a stupid ruling that shows some UFP intolerance and borders on racism and maybe due for review in a post Voyager world (especially in the novels where the fleet has been massively depleted by Borg attacks).
Not that I am advocating species modification, just that the needs of the UFP may require changes in the seemingly conflicting opinions about the genetic enhanced? Or is that just a slippery slope, or one that we seem to already be on?