Were they regularly spaced around the perimeter, I could accept the pods being sensor suites or shield generators. They could be materials reservoirs, as Lancer suggests, although we see Kirk, McCoy, and Saavik walking through materials storage units in Wrath of Khan.
How about auxilliary power and/or life support units for the station, with the closely-set pairs situated over the primary crew sections?
In our every deliberation, we must consider the impact of our decisions on the next seven generations.
-- Great Law of the Iroquois Confederacy