Snake --
On Regeneration, I didn't actually consider the Borg thing to be a major issue...personally, I'd think that the Borg thing was probably buried and highly classified very quickly, and thus disappeared from the Earth "database." That probably also included all of Cochrane's public references to the Borg.
By the 24th C., the Borg were lost to the Federation's consciousness, and the 2152 information was only uncovered well after the Enterprise's time travel episode in the 2370s.
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For Minefield, there's a distinct possibility that information from the novel The Romulan Way could have snuck in there. In the novel, the proto-Romulans are said to have deliberately changed their culture and language to make them distinct from their Vulcan roots...in essence, shedding the culture they left behind to forge their own path in the galaxy.
Also, the "Awakening" was as much as six milennia ago by some accounts (I don't know what the current official "Time of Surak" is now). That's roughly 250 generations (going with a generation every 20-25 years, as opposed to the standard 10 years for humans). English didn't even exist as a language 2,500 years ago, and I don't think any of the early Celtic/Gaulish tribes from the rise of Rome would even realize that English is even related to their language.
Just some counter thoughts there.
I won't touch the Klingon BOP thing....
Davy Jones
"Frightened? My dear, you are looking at a man who has laughed in the face of death, sneered at doom, and chuckled at catastrophe! I was petrified."
-- The Wizard of Oz